Home  ›  Upper Union Street Bid 14th Annual Strawberry Fest Art Show

Upper Union Street Bid 14th Annual Strawberry Fest Art Show

Written By lunes, 25 de abril de 2022 Add Comment Edit

Federal city of Switzerland

Municipality in Switzerland

Bern
Berne

Municipality in Switzerland
Aerial view of the Old City and the Aare

Aerial view of the Old Metropolis and the Aare

Flag of Bern Berne

Flag

Coat of arms of Bern Berne

Coat of artillery

Location of Bern
Berne

Bern Berne is located in Switzerland

Bern Berne

Bern
Berne

Show map of Switzerland

Bern Berne is located in Canton of Bern

Bern Berne

Bern
Berne

Evidence map of Canton of Bern

Coordinates: 46°56′53″Northward vii°26′51″E  /  46.94806°N seven.44750°E  / 46.94806; vii.44750 Coordinates: 46°56′53″N 7°26′51″Eastward  /  46.94806°North 7.44750°E  / 46.94806; vii.44750
Country Switzerland
Canton Bern
District Bern-Mittelland administrative district
Government
 • Executive Gemeinderat
with 5 members
 • Mayor Stadtpräsident (list)
Alec von Graffenried GFL
(as of January 2021)
 • Parliament Stadtrat
with eighty members
Area

[1]

 • Total 51.62 km2 (19.93 sq mi)
Peak

(Bahnhofplatz)

 540 m (one,770 ft)
Highest elevation

(Könizberg)

 674 thou (two,211 ft)
Lowest acme

(Aare near to Eymatt)

 481 k (i,578 ft)
Population

(2018-12-31)[2] [3]

 • Total 133,791
 • Density two,600/kmii (6,700/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
English: Bernese
German: Berner(in)
French: Bernois(e)
Italian: bernese
Time zone UTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)

3000–3030
SFOS number 351
Localities Altenberg, Aaregg, Bümpliz, Bethlehem, Beundenfeld, Bottigen, Breitenrain, Breitfeld, Brunnadern, Dählhölzli, Engeried, Gäbelbach, Grosser Bremgartenwald, Gryphenhübeli, Felsenau, Holligen, Innere Stadt, Kirchenfeld, Könizbergwald, Länggasse, Lorraine, Muesmatt, Murifeld, Neufeld, Sandrain, Schosshalde, Spitalacker, Stöckacker, Tiefenau, Wankdorf, Weissenbühl, Weissenstein
Surrounded by Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
Website world wide web.bern.ch
SFSO statistics

Bern (Swiss Standard German language: [bɛrn] ( listen ); Alemannic German: Bärn [b̥æːrn])[four] is the de facto upper-case letter of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city" (in German: Bundesstadt, French: ville fédérale, Italian: città federale, and Romansh: citad federala).[5] [notation 1] With a population of about 144,000 (equally of 2020), Bern is the fifth-about populous city in Switzerland.[6] The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014.[vii] The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000.[8]

Bern is too the upper-case letter of the canton of Bern, the second-most populous of Switzerland's cantons. The official language is German,[note two] simply the main spoken communication is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Bernese German. In 1983, the historic quondam town (in German: Altstadt) in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO Earth Heritage Site.[9] It is notably surrounded by the Aare, a major river of the Swiss Plateau.

Although fortified settlements were established since the antiquity, the medieval city proper was founded by the Zähringer ruling family, probably in 1191 by Berthold V, Knuckles of Zähringen. Bern was made a complimentary majestic city in 1218 and, in 1353, it joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of its 8 early cantons. Since then, Bern became a large city-state and a prominent actor of Swiss history by pursuing a policy of sovereign territorial expansion. Since the 15th century, the urban center was progressively rebuilt and caused its current characteristics. Bern was made the Federal Urban center in 1848. From most five,000 inhabitants in the 15th century, the city passed the 100,000 marking in the 1920s.

Etymology [edit]

The etymology of the name "Bern" is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold Five, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the urban center of Bern, vowed to proper name the city afterwards the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a acquit. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Eye Loftier High german. The city was sometimes referred to every bit Bern im Üechtland to distinguish it from Verona.[10] As a result of the finding of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, information technology is at present more common to assume that the city was named subsequently a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft".[xi] The bear was the heraldic fauna of the seal and coat of artillery of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of alive bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

History [edit]

Early history [edit]

No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today's city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) northward of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the 12 oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, a Gallo-Roman vicus was on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor ("domicile of Breno"). In the Early Middle Ages, a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, was some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval metropolis.

The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to ability in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. Co-ordinate to 14th-century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.

In 1218, after Berthold died without an heir, Bern was made a free regal urban center past the Goldene Handfeste of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick 2.

Onetime Swiss Confederacy [edit]

In 1353, Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming 1 of the eight cantons of the formative flow of 1353 to 1481.

Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories, thereby becoming the largest urban center-state north of the Alps; past the 18th century, it comprised about of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud.

The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the river Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this function until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, 2 new fortifications – the and then-called big and pocket-size Schanze (entrenchment) – were congenital to protect the whole expanse of the peninsula.

After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced past half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Boondocks. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the metropolis connected to grow, mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside.[12]

Modern history [edit]

Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and post-obit the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly caused the Bernese Jura. At this fourth dimension, it over again became the largest canton of the Confederacy equally it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during Earth War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

The city's population rose from near 5,000 in the 15th century to almost 12,000 by 1800 and to to a higher place 60,000 past 1900, passing the 100,000 marker during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000 and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of September 2017, the resident population stood at 142,349, of which 100,000 were Swiss citizens and 42,349 (31%) resident foreigners. A farther estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration.[13]

Geography and climate [edit]

Topography [edit]

The Old City of Bern with the Minster and its platform above the lower Matte quarter and the Aare

View of Bern from the ISS. The Old Metropolis is in the lower right-manus side.

Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the canton of Bern, slightly west of the center of Switzerland and xx km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent ice age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a top of 864 thou (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 thousand (iii,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the indicate of origin of the CH1903 coordinate organization at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E  /  46.9524056°N vii.4395833°Due east  / 46.9524056; 7.4395833 .

The city was originally built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the river Aare, just outgrew natural boundaries past the 19th century. A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare.

Bern is built on very uneven ground. An elevation divergence of up to 60 metres exists between the inner urban center districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

Bern has an area, as of 2013[update], of 51.62 kmtwo (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, ix.42 km2 (three.64 sq mi) or 18.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.21 km2 (6.64 sq mi) or 33.three% is forested. Of the remainder of the land, 23.76 km2 (9.17 sq mi) or 46.0% is settled (buildings or roads), ane.08 km2 (0.42 sq mi) or 2.ane% is either rivers or lakes, and 0.14 km2 (0.054 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.[xiv]

Of the developed area of Bern, 3.1% consists of industrial buildings, 22.3% housing and other buildings, and 12.9% is devoted to transport infrastructure. Power and water infrastructure, every bit well as other special developed areas, made upwardly i.2% of the metropolis, while another 6.5% consists of parks, dark-green belts, and sports fields.

Of Bern's total state area, 32.8% is heavily forested. Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is used for growing crops and four.iv% is designated to exist used as pasture. Local rivers and streams provide all the water in the municipality.[fourteen]

Climate [edit]

According to the Köppen Climate Classification, Bern has an oceanic climate (Cfb)[fifteen] closely bordering on a boiling continental climate (Dfb).

The closest atmospheric condition station most Bern is located in the municipality of Zollikofen, about 5 kilometres (iii mi) north of the city centre. The warmest month for Bern is July, with a daily hateful temperature of 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), and a daily maximum temperature of 24.three °C (75.seven °F).[xv] The highest temperature recorded at Bern / Zollikofen is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F),[xvi] recorded in August 2003. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or above is recorded forty.7 days per year, and half-dozen days per year with a temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) or above at Zollikofen,[15] and the warmest day reaches an boilerplate of 32.1 °C (89.8 °F).[17]

In that location are 103.7 days of air frost, and 22.3 ice days per year at Bern (Zollikofen) for the menses of 1981–2010, as well as 14.1 days of snowfall, 36.7 days of snow cover per year and the average amount of snow measured per yr is 52.six centimetres (20.7 in).[15] On boilerplate, January is the coldest calendar month, with a daily hateful temperature of −0.four °C (31.three °F), and a daily minimum temperature of −iii.6 °C (25.5 °F).[15] The lowest temperature ever recorded at Bern (Zollikofen) was −23.0 °C (−9.four °F),[18] recorded in February 1929, and typically the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of −12.8 °C (9.0 °F)[19] for the flow of 1981–2010.

Climate data for Bern (Zollikofen), elevation: 553 1000 (1,814 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–nowadays
Month January February Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep October Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.six) 		18.5
(65.iii) 		23.0
(73.4) 		28.2
(82.eight) 		31.iv
(88.v) 		33.7
(92.seven) 		36.eight
(98.two) 		37.0
(98.6) 		31.half dozen
(88.ix) 		25.5
(77.nine) 		20.viii
(69.four) 		xix.1
(66.four) 		37.0
(98.6)
Average high °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1) 		5.two
(41.4) 		x.3
(fifty.5) 		14.5
(58.ane) 		18.vi
(65.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		xix.iv
(66.9) 		14.0
(57.ii) 		7.7
(45.9) 		3.8
(38.8) 		fourteen.0
(57.ii)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4) 		1.i
(34.0) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		xiii.2
(55.8) 		sixteen.9
(62.4) 		xviii.8
(65.8) 		18.four
(65.1) 		fourteen.1
(57.4) 		9.5
(49.ane) 		4.2
(39.6) 		0.nine
(33.6) 		9.iii
(48.7)
Boilerplate low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.viii) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		0.3
(32.5) 		three.4
(38.i) 		7.6
(45.vii) 		xi.3
(52.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.9
(55.ii) 		9.two
(48.vi) 		5.5
(41.ix) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		4.7
(40.v)
Record depression °C (°F) −21.viii
(−seven.two) 		−23.0
(−ix.4) 		−15.half dozen
(iii.9) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−ii.2
(28.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		3.6
(38.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−0.8
(thirty.6) 		−v.5
(22.1) 		−13.9
(vii.0) 		−20.five
(−4.9) 		−23.0
(−9.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) threescore
(two.4) 		56
(2.2) 		65
(2.6) 		78
(iii.ane) 		112
(four.4) 		102
(four.0) 		108
(4.three) 		112
(4.4) 		87
(iii.four) 		86
(3.4) 		77
(iii.0) 		78
(3.i) 		i,022
(40.2)
Boilerplate snowfall cm (inches) 11
(4.3) 		11
(4.iii) 		5
(2.0) 		i
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		v
(2.0) 		14
(five.5) 		47
(19)
Boilerplate precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) ix.five 8.vii 9.5 9.6 12.ane 11.iv x.viii 11.0 8.half dozen 10.4 10.1 10.half dozen 122.3
Boilerplate snowy days (≥ i.0 cm) three.half dozen 3.2 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 one.i 3.2 thirteen.2
Average relative humidity (%) 84 79 73 70 72 72 71 73 79 84 86 86 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours 66 94 151 179 197 223 245 228 175 119 66 53 1,797
Percent possible sunshine 26 35 44 47 45 50 55 56 50 38 26 22 43
Source ane: MeteoSwiss[20]
Source 2: KNMI[21]

Politics [edit]

Subdivisions [edit]

The municipality is administratively subdivided into six districts (Stadtteile), each of which consists of several quarters (Quartiere).

Government [edit]

The Municipal Council (de: Gemeinderat, fr: conseil municipal) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates equally a collegiate potency. It is composed of 5 councillors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin, French: conseiller/conseillère municipal(east)), each presiding over a directorate (de: Direktion, fr: direction) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (de: Stadtpräsident, fr: Le Maire). In the mandate menstruation 2017–2020 (Legislatur) the Municipal Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alec von Graffenried. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed past the Metropolis Council are carried by the Municipal Quango. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every 4 years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected equally a member of the Municipal Council. Opposite to most other municipalities, the executive government in Berne is selected by means of a organisation of Proporz. The mayor is elected equally such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned past the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747.[22]

As of 2017[update], Bern'southward Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Political party), GFL (Grüne Freie Liste a.k.a. Green Gratuitous List, who is the newly elected mayor since 2017), and GB (Green Alliance of Berne), giving the left parties a very strong bulk of four out of five seats. The final regular election was held on 27 November 2016/15 January 2017.[22]

The Municipal Quango (Gemeinderat) of Bern[22]
Municipal Councillor
(Gemeinderat/-rätin)		 Party Head of Directorate (Direktion, since) of elected since
Alec von Graffenried [GR one] GFL Mayor's Office (Präsidialdirektion (PRD), 2017) 2017
Reto Nause[GR 2] CVP Security, the Environment and Energy (Direktion für Sicherheit, Umwelt und Energie (SUE), 2009) 2009
Franziska Teuscher GB Education, Social Welfare and Sport (Direktion für Bildung, Soziales und Sport (BSS), 2013) 2013
Ursula Wyss SP Civil Engineering science, Transport and Dark-green Spaces (Direktion für Tiefbau, Verkehr und Stadtgrün (TVS), 2013) 2013
Michael Aebersold SP Finances, Personnel and It (Direktion für Finanzen, Personal und Informatik (FPI), 2017) 2016
  1. ^ Mayor (Stadtpräsident)
  2. ^ Vice-Mayor (Vizepräsident)

Dr. Jürg Wichtermann is Land Chronicler (Staatsschreiber) since 2008. He has been elected past the collegiate.

Parliament [edit]

The Stadtrat of Bern for the mandate menstruation of 2017–2020:

 PdA (ane.25%)

 AL (2.5%)

 GPB-DA (1.25%)

 JUSO (2.5%)

 SP/PS (27.5%)

 JA! (2.5%)

 GB (eleven.25%)

 GFL (x%)

 EVP/PEV (2.5%)

 jglp (one.25%)

 glp/pvl (8.75%)

 CVP/PDC (2.5%)

 BDP/PBD (iii.75%)

 FDP/PLR (11.25%)

 SVP/UDC (11.25%)

The City Council (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Council decrees regulations and past-laws that are executed by the Municipal Quango and the assistants. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.

The sessions of the City Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipal Council, members of the Urban center Quango are not politicians past profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote tin be elected as a member of the City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall).[23]

The last regular ballot of the City Quango was held on 27 Nov 2016 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la législature) from 2017 to 2020. The City Council consist of 24 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) including 2 members of the inferior party JUSO, 9 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), nine The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 9 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL) (Dark-green Gratuitous List), 8 Green Liberal Party (glp/pvl) including one member of its inferior party jglp, 3 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), two Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), two Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 2 Alternative Linke Bern (AL), 1 Grüne Partei Bern – Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern – Autonomous Alternative), and 1 Swiss Political party of Labour (PdA).

The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): AL and GPB-DA and PdA (four), SP and JUSO (24), GB and JA! (11), GFL and EVP (ten), glp und jglp (8), BDP and CVP (5), FDP (9), and SVP (9). This gives the left parties an accented majority of 49 seats.[24]

National elections [edit]

National Council [edit]

In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular political party was the PS which received 28.7% (-five.6) of the vote. The adjacent 5 most popular parties were the Green Party (25.2%, +7.ix), the pvl (13.v%, +iv.1), the UDC (9.five%, -2.9), PLR (iv.2%, -2.8), and the BDP/PBD (vii.0%).[25] In the federal election a total of 49,030 votes were bandage, and the voter turnout was 56%.[26]

In the 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the near popular party was the PS which received 34.3% of the vote. The next five nigh popular parties were the Green Party (17.iv%), the UDC (12.4%), and the FDP/PLR (9.9%), glp/pvl (9.four%), and the BDP/PBD (7.0%). In the federal election, a total of 48,556 voters were bandage, and the voter turnout was 56.0%.[27]

International relations [edit]

Twin and sister cities [edit]

The Municipal Quango of the urban center of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg.[28] [29]

Demographics [edit]

Population [edit]

Largest groups of foreign residents 2012
Nationality Number % total
(foreigners)
Germany 5,957 4.vii (20.0)
Italian republic four,113 3.2 (xiii.five)
Spain 1,977 one.six (6.5)
Portugal 1,433 i.1 (iv.vii)
Turkey 1,161 0.nine (iii.8)
North Macedonia 1,120 0.9 (3.7)
Kosovo 1,085 0.ix (3.half-dozen)
Sri Lanka 898 0.7 (3.0)
Serbia 898 0.7 (3.0)
French republic 668 0.5 (2.two)
Republic of austria 629 0.five (two.one)

Bern has a population (equally of Dec 2020[update]) of 134,794.[30] Virtually 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a charge per unit of 0.6%. Migration deemed for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.ane%.[31]

Almost of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) equally their showtime language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or three.6%). At that place are 171 people who speak Romansh.[32]

Every bit of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.v% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.one%) not-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.iv%) and xiii,726 (xi.0%) non-Swiss women.[33] Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived in that location in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were built-in in the aforementioned canton, while 25,818 or xx.1% were built-in somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were built-in outside of Switzerland.[32]

Apartment blocks at Bern-Bethlehem

As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years one-time) make up fifteen.ane% of the population, while adults (20–64 years one-time) brand upward 65% and seniors (over 64 years onetime) make up 19.ix%.[31]

Equally of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were unmarried and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, ix,345 widows or widowers and nine,468 individuals who are divorced.[32]

Houses in the Old Metropolis of Bern

As of 2000[update], in that location were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of ane.8 persons per household.[31] There were 34,981 households that consist of simply 1 person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a full of 65,538 apartments (xc.half dozen% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (two.0%) were empty.[34] Every bit of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was i.2 new units per 1000 residents.[31]

As of 2003[update] the boilerplate cost to rent an average flat in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (United states$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange charge per unit from 2003). The boilerplate rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (The states$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room flat was nearly 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (The states$1680, £940, €1340). The boilerplate flat price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[35] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%.[31]

Historic population [edit]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[36]

Religion [edit]

From the 2000 census[update], sixty,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were members of the Catholic Church. Of the rest of the population, at that place were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about one.46% of the population), at that place were 229 persons (or about 0.xviii% of the population) who belonged to the Christ Cosmic Church, and in that location were v,531 persons (or nearly 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian religion. In that location were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and four,907 (or about iii.81% of the population) who were Muslim. In that location were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another organized religion. xvi,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no organized religion, are doubter or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about half-dozen.11% of the population) did non respond the question.[32] On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

Master sights [edit]

The key building of the Federal Palace of Switzerland

The Ogre of the Kindlifresserbrunnen has a sack of children waiting to be devoured.

The structure of Bern'south urban center centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO every bit a Cultural Earth Heritage Site. Perhaps its well-nigh famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German language for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock belfry with moving puppets. It likewise has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Münster, and a 15th-century town hall. Cheers to six kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts i of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe.

Since the 16th century, the urban center has had a carry pit, the Bärengraben, at the far finish of the Nydeggbrücke to firm its heraldic animals. The four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo.[37]

The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), congenital from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited.

Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis papers were published.

The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a breathtaking panoramic view of the medieval town heart can exist enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913.

In that location are xi Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th-century fountains, except the Zähringer fountain, which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. Ane of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese High german: Child Eater Fountain), which is claimed to represent a Jew,[38] the Greek god Chronos, or a Fastnacht figure meant to frighten ill-behaved children.[39]

Bern's nigh contempo sight is the set of fountains in front of the Federal Palace. It was inaugurated on 1 August 2004.

The Universal Postal Marriage is situated in Bern.

The Zytglogge clock tower and the metropolis'due south medieval covered shopping promenades (Lauben)

Heritage sites of national significance [edit]

Bern is home to 114 Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[40]

It includes the entire Old Boondocks, which is also a UNESCO Globe Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the about notable in the Erstwhile Boondocks include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland. Inside the Sometime Town, there are eleven 16th-century fountains, most attributed to Hans Gieng, that are on the list.

Outside the Old Town the heritage sites include the Bärengraben, the Gewerbeschule Bern (1937), the Eidgenössisches Archiv für Denkmalpflege, the Kirchenfeld mansion commune [de] (later 1881), the Thunplatzbrunnen, the Federal Mint building, the Federal Archives, the Swiss National Library, the Historical Museum (1894), Tall Museum, Museum of Advice and Natural History Museum.

Culture [edit]

Theatres [edit]

  • Bern Theatre[41]
  • Narrenpack Theatre Bern[42]
  • Schlachthaus Theatre[43]
  • Tojo Theater
  • The Theatre on the Effinger-Street[44]
  • Theatre am Käfigturm[45]

Cinemas [edit]

Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in High german Switzerland, films are mostly in German. Some films in select cinemas are shown in their original language with German and French subtitles.

Film festivals [edit]

  • Shnit international shortfilmfestival shnit International Shortfilmfestival, held annually in early October.
  • Queersicht – gay and lesbian film festival, held annually in the second calendar week of November.

Festivals [edit]

  • BeJazz Summer and Wintertime Festival
  • Buskers Bern Street Music Festival
  • Gurtenfestival
  • Internationales Jazzfestival Bern
  • Taktlos-Festival

Music events [edit]

The Musikpreis des Kantons Bern is an annual musical event where "Outstanding musicians which styles shape the Bern music scene" are honored.[46] [47]

Fairs [edit]

  • Zibelemärit – The Zibelemärit (onion marketplace) is an annual off-white held on the fourth Mon in November.
  • Bernese Fasnacht (Funfair)

Sports [edit]

Bern was the site of the 1954 FIFA Globe Cup Concluding, in which West Germany upset the Hungarian Golden Team 3–two. The football team BSC Immature Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which as well was one of the venues for the 2008 UEFA European Championship, in which information technology hosted 3 matches.

FC Breitenrain Bern, founded in 1994, likewise play in Bern.[48]

SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern which plays in the PostFinance Loonshit. They compete in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team has ranked highest in omnipresence for a European hockey team for more than a decade.[49] PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament.

PostFinance Arena was as well the host of the 2011 European Effigy Skate Championships.

Bern Cardinals is the baseball and softball team of Bern, which plays at the Allmend.

Bern Grizzlies is the American football social club in Bern and plays in the top level Nationalliga A (American football) at Athletics Arena Wankdorf.

Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, British Columbia.

RC Bern is the local rugby society (since 1972) and plays at the Allmend. The ladies team was founded in 1995.

The locality of Bremgartenwald was home to the Bremgarten Excursion, the Grand Prix motor racing course that at once hosted the Swiss 1000 Prix.

Bern Bears is an NGO Basketball Order since 2010 in urban center of Bern.[fifty]

The Swiss Grand Prix was held on the Circuit Bremgarten street runway from 1950 to 1954, with MotoGP also running their Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix from 1949 to 1954. The excursion eventually fell into disrepair after Switzerland banned motorports after the 1955 Le Mans Disaster, but they fabricated an amendment in 2015 to host electric racing, which is how the Swiss ePrix happened in 2019.

Economy [edit]

As of  2010[update], Bern had an unemployment charge per unit of 3.three%. As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economical sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. xvi,413 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 950 businesses in this sector. 135,973 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7,654 businesses in this sector.[31]

In 2008[update] the full number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.four%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and six,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; xi,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, ten,293 or 9.4% were in the motility and storage of goods, v,090 or iv.7% were in a hotel or eatery, 7,302 or half dozen.7% were in the information manufacture, 8,437 or vii.7% were the insurance or fiscal manufacture, 10,660 or 9.vii% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or four.9% were in educational activity and 17,903 or xvi.4% were in health care.[51]

In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and sixteen,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.seven workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[52] Of the working population, l.6% used public ship to get to work, and twenty.6% used a private automobile.[31]

Education [edit]

Main building of the University of Bern

The University of Bern, whose buildings are mainly located in the Länggasse quarter, is located in Bern, too as the Academy of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule) and several vocations schools.

In Bern, almost 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (xviii.nine%) take completed additional college education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed 3rd schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were not-Swiss men and six.5% were non-Swiss women.[32]

The county of Bern school organisation provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by vi years of primary school. This is followed by iii years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may nourish additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[53]

During the 2009–ten schoolhouse year, in that location were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of ane,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.iv% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and twoscore.2% have a different mother linguistic communication than the classroom language. The municipality had 266 primary classes and five,040 pupils. Of the primary pupils, 30.one% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.vii% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same yr, at that place were 151 lower secondary classes with a full of 2,581 pupils. At that place were 28.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 32.7% have a different female parent language than the classroom language.[54]

Bern is domicile to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. At that place was a combined full (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of two,627,973 items were loaned out.[55]

As of 2000[update], there were nine,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[52]

Transport [edit]

Public transport [edit]

Bern is served past a dense network of trains, trams, trolleybuses, and conventional motorbuses. The Bern South-Bahn is Switzerland's second busiest.

Bern is the centre of the Libero tariff network, which covers the cantons of Bern and Solothurn and includes the towns of Biel/Bienne, Solothurn, and Thun. The network allows easy and coordinated travel on all modes of public send, such every bit trains, PostAuto buses, trams, buses (trolleybuses and motorbuses) and others, regardless of send operator. Fares are based on the number of zones in a journey. The central function of Bern, (excluding Bümpliz, Betlehem, Bottigen, Brünnen, and Riedbach in the west of the municipality), is part of the fare zone 100.

The urban center is well served by railways, with the extensive S-Bahn network and many regional and international connections. Bern's cardinal railway station (Bahnhof Bern) is Switzerland's second busiest station (202,600 passengers per working day in 2014), and is the main transport hub in the region.

A funicular railway called the Marzilibahn leads from the Marzili commune to the Federal Palace. With a length of 106 m (348 ft), it is the second shortest public railway in Europe later on the Zagreb funicular.

Road traffic [edit]

Several Aare bridges connect the old parts of the city with the newer districts exterior of the peninsula.

Bern is well connected to other cities by several motorways (A1, A12, A6).

Airport [edit]

Bern Airdrome (colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos) located exterior the city well-nigh the boondocks of Belp, equally of March 2021 by and large serves general aviation and charter flights. Zurich Airport, Geneva Drome and EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg serve as gateways for air traffic, all reachable in less than two hours by train or car from Bern.

Bicycle transport [edit]

The metropolis has made efforts to make Bern the "bicycle majuscule" of Switzerland through the creation of meliorate infrastructure, such as dedicated cycle paths.[56] PubliBike [de] operates a wheel-sharing organisation.

Notable people [edit]

Statue of Adrian von Bubenberg

Anna Feodorovna, early 1800s

Albrecht von Haller, 1736

Patricia Kopatchinskaja, 2012

Public servants, the military and the church building
  • Conrad Justinger (c. 1360–1438) – chronicler, magistrate and notary public of the city of Bern
  • Johann Jakob Grynaeus (1540–1617) – Protestant divine, a theologian of the school of Huldrych Zwingli
  • Robert Scipio, Freiherr von Lentulus (1714–1786) – military officeholder, in Austrian and subsequently, Prussian service
  • Emmanuel Han (1801–1867) – Swiss military officeholder and philhellene who fought in the Greek War of Independence
  • Walter Breisky (1871–1944) – Austrian jurist, ceremonious retainer and political leader
  • Rosalie Dreyer (1895–1987) – Swiss-born naturalized British nurse, a pioneer in Great britain'due south public-funded nursing service
  • August R. Lindt (1905–2000) – lawyer and diplomat, Chairman of UNICEF 1953–1954 and Un Loftier Commissioner for Refugees 1956–1960
  • Marc Hodler (1918–2006) – lawyer, President of the International Ski Federation 1951–1998, exposed the 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal
  • Hans Urwyler (1925–1994) – Christian government minister of the New Apostolic Church
  • Kofi Annan (1938–2018 in Bern) – UN Secretary-Full general 1997–2006
  • Algirdas Paleckis (built-in 1971) – Lithuanian diplomat, political leader and columnist
Politicians and the landed gentry
  • Adrian von Bubenberg (c. 1434–1479) – Bernese knight, war machine commander and 3-time mayor (Schultheiss) of Bern, hero of the Battle of Murten
  • Niklaus Dachselhofer (1595–1670) – Bernese politician, Schultheiss (mayor) of Bern 1636–1667
  • Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Businesswoman of Bernberg (1661–1743) – founder of New Bern, North Carolina in 1710
  • Susanna Julie von Bondeli (1731–1778) – famous salonist and lady of letters, the salon became the center of intellectual life in Bern.
  • Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia (1781 – Elfenau, about Bern 1860) – German language princess of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
  • Mikhail Bakunin (1814– 1876 in Bern) – Russian revolutionary agitator
  • Karl Schenk (1823–1895) – pastor, politician and longest serving fellow member of the Swiss Federal Council 1863–1895
  • Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) – lived in Bern 1914–1917
  • Louise Elisabeth de Meuron (1882–1980) – aristocrat and eccentric personality in Bern
  • Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (born 1945) – claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, equally the head of the Firm of Braganza
  • Regula Rytz (born 1962) – politician, sociologist and historian [57]
  • Ursula Wyss (born 1973) – economist and politico
  • Min Li Marti (born 1974), pol, publisher, sociologist and historian
Science and academia
  • Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777) – anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet [58]
  • Carl Adolf Otth (1803–1839) – naturalist
  • Gustav Heinrich Otth (1806–1874) – mycologist
  • Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl (1823–1914) – entomologist who specialised in Orthoptera
  • Ludwig Fischer (1828–1907) – botanist, researched phanerogams and cryptogams
  • Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) – physician and medical researcher, received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on the thyroid [59]
  • Arnold Klebs (1870–1943) – physician who specialized in the study of tuberculosis
  • Anna Tumarkin (1875–1951) – Russian-born, naturalized Swiss academic, the first adult female to become a professor of philosophy at the University of Bern
  • Albert Einstein (1879–1955) – worked out his theory of relativity while living in Bern, employed equally a patent examiner at the patent part
  • Ida Hoff (1880–1952) – pioneering doctor, a feminist activist and one of Bern's first regular female motorists
  • Aimé Félix Tschiffely (1895–1954) – Swiss-born, Argentine professor, writer and equestrian charlatan
  • Hans Albert Einstein (1904–1973) – Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second kid and first son of Albert Einstein
  • Friedrich Tinner (born 1937) – nuclear engineer connected with the proliferation of nuclear materials in Iran, Libya, and Democratic people's republic of korea
  • Claudia Rosiny (born 1960) – German language-Swiss academic in Dance and Media studies, a festival manager and cultural managing director
  • Daniel Mojon (born 1963) – ophthalmologist and ophthalmic surgeon, invented minimally-invasive strabismus surgery
  • Peter Jüni - scientific managing director of the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Tabular array and works at St Michael'southward Infirmary in Toronto
Writing and acting
  • Ulrich Boner or Bonerius (early 14th century) – High german-speaking Swiss writer of legend [threescore]
  • Hans von Rüte (died 1558) – Bernese dramatist and chronicler of the Swiss Reformation
  • Johann David Wyss (1743–1818) – writer, all-time remembered for The Swiss Family unit Robinson
  • Charles Victor de Bonstetten (1745–1832) – liberal author [61]
  • Daniel Albert Wyttenbach (1746–1820) – German Swiss classical scholar [62]
  • Johann Rudolf Wyss (1782–1830) – author, writer, and folklorist who wrote the words to the former Swiss national anthem [63]
  • Charles Monnard (1790–1865) – historian and member of the Helvetic Lodge
  • Vincent O. Carter (1924-1983) – American writer, author of The Bern Book [64]
  • Selma Urfer (1928–2013) – author, translator and extra [65]
  • Liselotte Pulver (born 1929) – extra, well known for her hearty and joyful laughter [66]
  • Yves Rénier (1942–2021) – French player, director, screenwriter and voice player [67]
  • Lukas Hartmann (born 1944) – children'due south writer, Switzerland'due south "first husband" in 2015
  • Yang Lian (born 1955) – Swiss-Chinese poet associated with the Misty Poets
  • Sibylle Canonica (born 1957) – actress, has appeared in more than forty films since 1981 [68]
  • Georges Delnon (built-in 1958) – theatre manager, creative manager and professor
  • Sabine Timoteo (born 1975) – actress [69]
  • Yangzom Brauen (born 1980) – actress, activist and author [70]
  • Cleo von Adelsheim (built-in 1987) – German-Chilean actress [71]
Artists and painters
  • Niklaus Manuel Deutsch (c. 1484–1530) – creative person, writer, mercenary and Reformed politician
  • Albrecht Kauw (1621–1681) – withal-life painter, cartographer and a painter of vedute
  • Gabriel Lory the Elder (1763–1840) – Bernese landscape painter and illustrator
  • Ferdinand Hodler (1853–1918) – painter of portraits, landscapes and genre paintings
  • Lisa Wenger (1858–1941) – painter and writer of children's books
  • Adolf Wölfli (1864–1930) – artist associated with Art Brut
Musicians
  • Volkmar Andreae (1879–1962) – conductor and composer
  • Patricia Kopatchinskaja (born 1977) – Moldovan-Austrian-Swiss violinist
  • Margrit Zimmermann (built-in 1927) – pianist, composer, conductor and music educator
  • Zora Slokar, horn actor with Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana
  • Eric Blom CBE (1888–1959) – Swiss-born British-naturalised music lexicographer, musicologist, music critic and music biographer
  • Klaus Huber (1924–2017) – composer and academic
  • Mani Affair (1936–1972) – singer-songwriter [72]
  • Roland Zoss (built-in 1951) – songwriter and novelist, lives on the Aeolian Islands
  • Christine Lauterburg (born 1956) – vocalizer, yodeler and actress [73]
  • Luca Hänni (built-in 1994) – vocalist-songwriter, dancer, and model, Swiss representative at the 2019 Eurovision Song Contest
  • Giuseppe Bausilio (born 1997) – actor, dancer, and vocalizer [74]
Business organisation
  • Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli (1716–1780) – agronomist, a wealthy merchant, economist, and lawyer
  • Franz Rudolf Frisching (1733–1807) – Bernese patrician, officer, politician, and industrialist, founded the Frisching Faience Manufactory
  • Rodolphe Lindt (1855–1909) – chocolate manufacturer, founded the Lindt chocolate mill
  • Marianne Alvoni (born 1964) – fashion designer
Sports

  • Otto Hess (1878–1926), a pitcher for the Cleveland Bronchos 1902 and 1904–08 and Boston Braves 1912–xv
  • Arnold Käch (1914–1998), a military officer, skier, ski official and writer
  • Philippe Marie Eugène, Count d'Ursel (1920–2017) was a Swiss-built-in Belgian alpine skier and a member of the Ursel family unit, competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics
  • Ernst Schmied (1924–2002), a mountaineer, achieved the 2nd successful summit of Mount Everest in 1956
  • Willi Steffen (1925–2005), a former fighter pilot and international footballer, won 28 caps for his country
  • Jürg Marmet (1927–2013), a mountaineer, part of the first two-homo Swiss team which climbed Mountain Everest in 1956
  • Christine Stückelberger (born 1947), a retired equestrian, gilded medallist in dressage at the 1976 Summer Olympics compete at vi Olympics: 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1996 and 2000.
  • Christian Kauter (built-in 1947), a fencer, silver medallist in the team épée at the 1972 Summer Olympics and bronze medallist at the 1976 Summer Olympics
  • Markus Ryffel (built-in 1955), a quondam long-distance runner, silverish medallist in the 5000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics
  • Maurizio Jacobacci (born 1963), an Italian-Swiss football director and former player
  • Alain Sutter (built-in 1968), a footballer, 351 club caps, 58 national team caps
  • Guerino Gottardi (born 1970), a retired Swiss-Italian footballer, almost 250 lodge caps
  • Mirjam Ott (born 1972), a retired curler, captain of the Swiss Olympic Curling Team.
  • Tanja Frieden (born 1976), a snowboarder and aureate medallist in the Snowboard Cross at the 2006 Wintertime Olympics
  • Esther Staubli (born 1979), a football referee, on the FIFA International Referees List since 2006
  • Maja Neuenschwander (born 1980), a long-distance runner who competes in marathon races
  • Jennifer Oehrli (born 1989), a football goalkeeper, member of the Switzerland women's national football game team
  • Dominik Märki (born 1990), a Swiss curler, living in Fayetteville, Arkansas, bronze medallist in the 2018 Winter Olympics
  • Roman Josi (built-in 1990), a professional water ice hockey player, selected to play for Switzerland at the 2010 Winter Olympics

See besides [edit]

  • Municipalities of the canton of Bern

Notes and references [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "uppercase", but Bern has governmental institutions such as the Federal Associates and Federal Council. However, the Federal Supreme Court is in Lausanne, the Federal Criminal Court is in Bellinzona and the Federal Administrative Court and the Federal Patent Court are in St. Gallen, exemplifying the federal nature of the Confederation.
  2. ^ The official linguistic communication in whatsoever municipality in High german-speaking Switzerland is always German. In this context, the term 'German' is used as an umbrella term for any variety of High german. And so, according to police, people are immune to communicate with the authorities by using whatever kind of German, in written or oral form. However, the authorities will always use Swiss Standard High german (aka the Swiss multifariousness of Standard German language) in documents, or any written form. And orally, information technology is either Hochdeutsch (i.eastward., Swiss Standard German language or what the particular speaker considers as German), or and so information technology depends on the speaker'due south origin, which dialectal variant (s)he is using.

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach iv Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Function. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. ix April 2019. Retrieved eleven April 2019.
  3. ^ https://world wide web.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/; retrieved: xv June 2020; publisher: Federal Statistical Office.
  4. ^ or Berne (French: [bɛʁn] ( listen ); Arpitan: Bèrna [ˈbɛʁna] ( listen ); Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnɐ] ( listen )
  5. ^ Holenstein, André (2012). "Die Hauptstadt existiert nicht" [The capital does not exist]. UniPress (in High german) (UniPress 152: Die Hauptstatdtregion). Berne: University of Berne: sixteen–19. doi:10.7892/boris.41280. Als 1848 ein politisch-administratives Zentrum für den neuen Bundesstaat zu bestimmen war, verzichteten die Verfassungsväter darauf, eine Hauptstadt der Schweiz zu bezeichnen und formulierten stattdessen in Artikel 108: «Alles, was sich auf den Sitz der Bundesbehörden bezieht, ist Gegenstand der Bundesgesetzgebung.» Die Bundesstadt ist also nicht mehr und nicht weniger als der Sitz der Bundesbehörden.
  6. ^ "Bern in Zahlen: Aktuelles" (official site) (in German and French). Berne, Switzerland: City of Berne. Archived from the original on 11 Jan 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  7. ^ "Population size and population composition – Data, indicators – Agglomerations: Permanent resident population in urban and rural areas" (Statistics). Federal Statistical Part, Neuchâtel, Swiss Federal Administration. 2015. Archived from the original on iv May 2009. Retrieved one September 2015.
  8. ^ "Office fédéral du développement territorial ARE – B3: Les aires métropolitaines" (in French, High german, and Italian). Federal Office for Spatial Development ARE. 7 June 2006. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 17 Apr 2014.
  9. ^ "Old City of Berne". UNESCO World Heritage Listing. UNESCO. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved four Jan 2019.
  10. ^ Müller, Wulf; Tremp, Ernst (13 Nov 2013). "Üchtland". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Archived from the original on eleven November 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  11. ^ Andres Kristol (ed.): Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen. Huber, Frauenfeld 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5, p. 143.
  12. ^ Bern: Evolution of the settlement and the population in German language, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  13. ^ municipal statistics,[1] Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine includes 6,816 weekend commuters not included in the federal statistics of 123,466."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 8 Dec 2010. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally title (link)
  14. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Part-State Utilize Statistics Archived 16 Baronial 2020 at the Wayback Auto 2018 data (in German) accessed 26 July 2020
  15. ^ a b c d e "Bern 1981–2010 Averages" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  16. ^ "August 2003". Archived from the original on 31 Baronial 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  17. ^ "Annual Average Maximum". Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved thirty August 2017.
  18. ^ "Feb 1929". Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  19. ^ "Annual Boilerplate Minimum". Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved xxx August 2017.
  20. ^ "Climate Normals Bern / Zollikofen (Reference period 1991−2020)" (PDF). Swiss Federal Part of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on fourteen January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  21. ^ "Bern extreme values". KNMI. Retrieved thirty August 2017.
  22. ^ a b c "Gemeinderat" (official site) (in German language). Berne, Switzerland: Stadtkanzlei, Stabsstelle des Gemeinderats, Stadt Bern. sixteen Jan 2016. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  23. ^ "Aktuelles aus dem Stadtrat" (official site) (in German). Berne, Switzerland: Stadt Bern. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 Dec 2015.
  24. ^ "Zusammensetzung im Rat" (in German). Berne, Switzerland: Stadt Bern. 9 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  25. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO, ed. (28 November 2019). "NR - Ergebnisse Parteien (Gemeinden) (INT1)" (CSV) (official statistics) (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Part, FSO. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved eighteen May 2020 – via opendata.swiss.
  26. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Role, FSO, ed. (28 November 2019). "NR - Wahlbeteiligung (Gemeinden) (INT1)" (CSV) (official statistics) (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Function, FSO. Archived from the original on eleven August 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020 – via opendata.swiss.
  27. ^ "Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden" (official statistics) (in German language and French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Role. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original (XLS) on two August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  28. ^ "EURO 2008 – Partnerschaft von Stadt und Kanton Bern sowie mit Stadt und Land Salzburg". www.bern.ch (in German). Abteilung Kommunikation und Amt für Data, City of Berne. 30 May 2006. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014. …in einer gemeinsamen Erklärung die Absicht bekundet, mittels einer zeitlich befristeten Partnerschaft zwischen den Städten und Ländern…
  29. ^ "Interpellation Fraktion SP/JUSO Andreas Flückiger/Markus Lüthi, SP): Das orange Wunder von Bern: Diese Freundschaft muss gepflegt werden! Was können wir tun?". world wide web.bern.ch (in German). Der Gemeinderat (Municipal Council). 22 October 2008. Archived from the original on thirty Nov 2012. Retrieved xiv October 2014. Bisher hat die Stadt Bern bewusst auf eine Städtepartnerschaft verzichtet
  30. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German language). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  31. ^ a b c d due east f g Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 23-January-2012
  32. ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 Archived 9 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
  33. ^ Statistical role of the canton of Bern Archived 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 4 January 2012
  34. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived 7 September 2014 at the Wayback Automobile (in German language) accessed 28 Jan 2011
  35. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Function-Rental prices Archived 23 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine 2003 data (in High german) accessed 26 May 2010
  36. ^ a b Bern in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Lexicon of Switzerland.
  37. ^ "City of bears receives Russian bruins". swissinfo.ch. sixteen September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 Jan 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  38. ^ City Council of Bern minutes of the 14 May 1998 five:00PM session Archived 13 February 2012 at the Wayback Auto accessed 23 November 2008 (in German)
  39. ^ "Hofer, 281". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  40. ^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Function of Ceremonious Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  41. ^ "Stadttheater Bern". Archived from the original on ane February 2003. Retrieved 12 Apr 2009.
  42. ^ "Narrenpack Theatre Bern". Archived from the original on four January 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  43. ^ "Schlachthaus Theatre Bern". Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 12 Apr 2009.
  44. ^ "Das Theatre an der Effingerstrasse". Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  45. ^ "Theater am Käfigturm". Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  46. ^ "Musikpreise 2019 des Kantons Bern" (in High german). musikzeitung.ch. nine October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  47. ^ "Musikalische Auszeichnungen" (in German language). www.erz.be.ch/er. Archived from the original on 22 Oct 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020. Der Kanton Bern verleiht jedes Jahr Musikpreise als Zeichen der Wertschätzung und Anerkennung für das Wirken herausragender Musikschaffender. Ausgezeichnet werden professionelle Musikerinnen und Musiker aus allen künstlerischen und organisatorischen Bereichen des Musiklebens sowie allen musikalischen Stilrichtungen, die die Berner Musikszene entscheidend mitprägen.
  48. ^ "FC Breitenrain's official website". Archived from the original on nineteen August 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  49. ^ Merk, Martin (12 March 2015). "Swiss stay summit: SC Bern number 1 in European omnipresence ranking".
  50. ^ http://www.basketballbern.ch Archived 28 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Bern Bears
  51. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren i–3 Archived 25 December 2014 at the Wayback Automobile (in German language) accessed 28 Jan 2011
  52. ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
  53. ^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Principality of liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on six July 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  54. ^ Schuljahr 2009/10 pdf document Archived 2 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine(in German) accessed 4 January 2012
  55. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries Archived six July 2015 at the Wayback Auto (in German) accessed 14 May 2010
  56. ^ "Velohauptrouten". Stadt Bern (in German language). Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  57. ^ Noëmi Landolt (10 November 2011). "Die pragmatische Brückenbauerin" (in German). WOZ Dice Wochenzeitung 45/2011. Archived from the original on 25 Apr 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  58. ^ "Haller, Albrecht von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.
  59. ^ "Kocher, Emil Theodor". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
  60. ^ "Boner, Ulrich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
  61. ^ "Charles Victor de Bonstetten". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IV (11th ed.). 1911.
  62. ^ "Wyttenbach, Daniel Albert". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.
  63. ^ "Wyss, Johann Rudolf". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
  64. ^ Vincent O. Carter entry in the literapedia bern
  65. ^ IMDb Database Archived 19 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved three Dec 2018
  66. ^ IMDb Database Archived 26 October 2018 at the Wayback Car retrieved 6 December 2018
  67. ^ IMDb Database Archived 27 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved three December 2018
  68. ^ IMDb Database Archived 25 Jan 2019 at the Wayback Automobile retrieved vi December 2018
  69. ^ IMDb Database Archived 28 December 2018 at the Wayback Auto retrieved iii December 2018
  70. ^ IMDb Database Archived 14 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 6 Dec 2018
  71. ^ IMDb Database Archived xvi Feb 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved three Dec 2018
  72. ^ IMDb Database Archived 15 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved iii December 2018
  73. ^ IMDb Database Archived 15 Feb 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 6 December 2018
  74. ^ IMDb Database Archived 12 June 2019 at the Wayback Car retrieved 6 December 2018

External links [edit]

  • Online camera
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bern (city)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Official website
  • Bern Public Transportation Website (BernMobil)
  • Bern (Gemeinde) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 10 November 2016.
  • "GIS City of Bern". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2006. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  • Gurtenfestival
  • Buskers Bern

howellmorthere.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern

0 Response to "Upper Union Street Bid 14th Annual Strawberry Fest Art Show"

Publicar un comentario

Suscribirse a: Comentarios de la entrada (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel